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Pollen does not cause allergies; pollen source for butterflies.
Provides nectar for butterflies such as: clouded sulphur, purplish copper, gray hairstreak, snout butterfly, silver-bordered fritillary, pearl crescent, Milbert's tortoise shell, viceroy, wood nymph, monarch, eastern tailed blue. (Wildtype)
Pollinated by solitary bees like (Adrena) the solitary mining bee and (Colletes) the cellophane bee, who both make their nests in the ground. (David Suzuki Foundation)
Foraged by the Prairie Chicken, White-Tailed Deer and Eastern Cottontail Rabbit. Sparrows and Eastern Goldfinch eat the seeds.
Mustard, orange and brown dyes can be made from the plant. (Plants for a Future)
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