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Native Range: Europe, temperate Asia
Invasive Range: BC,ON,QC,NB,NS, possibly other provinces
Time of Invasion: 1950s
Invasion Pathway: Escape from ornamental cultivation
Status: Of low to moderate concern
Impacts: Competes aggressively with native plants, TOXIC to mammals
Control Measures: Physical removal
(Invasive Species in Canada)
Spreading via rhizomes, it can be pulled up. (USDA PLANTS)
POISONOUS PARTS: All parts. Toxic only if eaten in large quantities. (Poisonous Plants of N.C.) Symptoms: Irregular and slow pulse, abdominal pain and diarrhea. Toxic Principle: Cardiac glycosides and saponins. The plant contains cardiac glycosides as well as saponins. There are some references in the literature that mention poisoning and death in humans after accidental ingestion of the berries and leaves, and even by drinking the water that the plants were kept in. Frohne and Pfander (1983) suggest that serious cases are unlikely to occur because the glycosides are poorly absorbed. They cast doubt on the report of poisoning by ingesting water that lily-of-the- valley was standing in because experiments with animals did not substantiate these reports. However, in spite of these reservations, some cases of human poisoning are mentioned in the literature, and so these plants should be considered potentially poisonous. Because of the cardiac glycosides and saponins found in this plant, animals that have access to the plant material may be poisoned. Certainly, ingesting large quantities of lily-of-the-valley can cause problems to family pets such as cats
and dogs. (Canadian Poisonous Plant Information System)
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